In a significant decision this week, MEPs voted 355 to 247 to reserve food names such as "burger" and "sausage" solely for meat products.
Should the measure becomes law, common plant-based products such as veggie burgers, soy steak, and vegetable schnitzel may have to be renamed across EU countries.
However, for the restriction to take effect, it needs to gain approval from a majority of the EU's 27 countries, something that remains far from certain.
Proponents argue that customers require clear information and that traditional names must only refer to items from livestock.
"An escalope and sausages represent products from animal farming: not synthetic production or vegetable sources," stated France's lawmaker Céline Imart.
Critics, including environmental lawmakers, described the decision political maneuvering.
"Plant-based burgers, seitan schnitzel and soy sausage do not confuse shoppers, only certain lawmakers," declared Austria's lawmaker Thomas Waitz.
This isn't the first attempt to regulate these terminology. EU lawmakers rejected a comparable ban in 2020.
France previously enacted a domestic restriction on meat terms for plant-based foods in recent years, but the European court of justice ruled it illegal under European legislation in 2024.
Major Germany's supermarkets such as Aldi and Lidl object to the measure, warning that changing established terms would mislead consumers.
Advocacy organizations point to research indicating that the majority of shoppers comprehend product labels when items are clearly marked as vegan.
"Almost seventy percent of shoppers understand the terminology provided items are clearly labelled plant-based," said Irina Popescu, a consumer expert at BEUC.
This legislative measure next faces consideration by EU member states, where it needs to secure majority support to become law.
Given the divided views within various politicians and the general population, the outcome of the proposal is still unclear.
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